Magnetically Levitated Microrobotic Mixer

Microfluidic systems, when combined with microrobots, offer enhanced precision in chemical synthesis by precisely controlling reaction conditions. These systems, when integrated with analytical tools, allow for real-time monitoring and are cost-efficient due to their minimal volume requirements, thereby reducing risks associated with hazardous chemicals. In our study, we have investigated the mixing efficiency of Thymolphthalein indicator with NaOH solution in a magnetically levitated microrobotic mixer. A PMMA microfluidic chip was used to transfer fluid containing two different solutions and achieve fast and efficient mixing. By adjusting five different flow rates and altering the rotational speeds of the microrobots, the mixing efficiency was observed. The studies were carried out under the laminar regime, with incompressible Newtonian flow rates and varying actuator speeds. The measurement of mixing efficiency was accomplished through the calculation of changes in pixel intensity observed in microscopic images acquired throughout the mixing process. The presence of the microrobots resulted in the best efficiency at 80.37% at 500 rpm and 7 mL/min flow rate. Their potential in advanced reactions, such as nanoparticle synthesis and encapsulation, suggests promising avenues for improving product yields.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl

İstanbuldaki hazır giyim işletmelerinin deprem hazırlıklarının incelenmesi

ÖZETİstanbul Türkiye’nin ekonomik açıdan en önemli illerinden birisidir. Hazır giyim sanayi ise İstanbul’un Türkiye ekonomisine yaptığı katkının en önemli yapı taşlarından birisidir.İstanbul konumu itibariyle Kuzey Anadolu fay hattına yakın bir yerdedir. Buda İstanbul için gelecekte olabilecek bir deprem tehlikesini oluşturmaktadır. Bu yüzden İstanbul her an deprem olabilecekmiş gibi hazırlıklı olmalıdır.İstihdamın çok yoğun olduğu ve çalışma saatleri içerisinde işyerinin tek bir katında bile çok fazla çalışanın bulunduğu hazır giyim işletmelerinin de bu hazırlıkları zaman geçirmeden başlamaları gerekmektedir.Bu tez beş bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde genel giriş ve amaç bulunmaktadır. İkinci bölümde İstanbul’un depremselliği, afet ve ilgili kavramların tanımı ve işletmelerde kurumsal afet planlaması anlatılmaktadır.Üçüncü bölümde İstanbul’daki hazır giyim işletmelerinin deprem hazırlıklarını incelemeye yönelik olan anket çalışması yer almaktadır.Son bölümde ise bu çalışmalarla ilgili sonuç ve genel değerlendirme yer almaktadır. Sonuç olarak İstanbul’daki hazır giyim işletmelerinin depreme yönelik hazırlıklar yaptıkları fakat bu hazırlıkların işletmeler için yeterli olmadığı görülmüştür. ABSTRACTEXAMINATION OF EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS OF APPAREL COMPANIES IN ISTANBULIstanbul is Turkey’s one of the most important cities in terms of economic activities. Apparel industry constitutes one of the most important milestones by which Istanbul contributes to Turkish economy.With its location Istanbul is somewhere near North Anatolian fault line. This offers a future earthquake danger to Istanbul. For this reason Istanbul has to be ready to this danger.Apparel companies, which have immense number of employees even on a single floor during work hours, have to be overhauled in this respect.This thesis is comprised of 5 chapters. First chapter is composed of the introduction and objective. In the second chapter earthquake probability in Istanbul, disaster and its terminology and corporate disaster planning will be expressed.In the third chapter there is a survey examining the preparedness of apparel companies to earthquakes.In the last chapter results of these studies and general evaluation is held. In conclusion, it is seen that apparel companies are prepared to earthquakes but these preparations are not enough for companies

Phenologıcal, Pomologıcal And Morphologıcal Characterıstıcs Of Kaman 5 Walnut Genotype

Tescilinin yapılmamasına rağmen ülkemizde bazı yerel ceviz genotipleri kabul görmüş, bunlar aşılanarak çoğaltılmış ve bahçeler tesis edilmiştir. Ülkemizde tescil edilmeden kullanıma başlanmış tiplerden birisi de Kırşehir İli Kaman İlçesi orijinli Kaman 5 genotipidir. Kaman 1, Kaman 3, Kaman 4 olarak adlandırılan diğer Kaman orijinli tiplerin özellikleri, ülkemizde yürütülen adaptasyon çalışmalarında araştırmacılar tarafından incelenmiştir. Kaman 5 genotipinin fenolojik ve morfolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesine yönelik herhangi bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Bu nedenle, Kaman 5 ceviz genotipinin özellikleri, Kırşehir ili Kaman İlçesi, Başköy kasabasında bulunan orijinal ağaçta 2007 ve 2015 yıllarında ve bu tip ile kurulmuş bir bahçede bulunan genç ağaçlar üzerinde 2015 yılında gözlemler yapılarak belirlenmiştir. 2015 yılı yaz döneminde yapılan gözlemler ile genotipin verim potansiyeli, hastalık ve zararlılar yönünden dayanıklılığı değerlendirilmiştir. Sonbahar döneminde ise meyvelerin olgunlaşma tarihi belirlenmiş ve ayrıntılı pomolojik özellikleri, yağ ve protein içerikleri belirlenmiştirPHENOLOGICAL, POMOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF KAMAN 5 WALNUT GENOTYPE Some walnut genotypes have been accepted, propagated by budding or grafting and used in orchards in our country even though they were not been registered. Kaman 5 which is originated from Kaman district of Kırşehir is one of the walnut genotypes that have been started to use without variety registration in our country. Characteristics of other Kaman originated types named Kaman 1, Kaman 3, Kaman 4 have been investigated by researchers on adaptation studies carried out throughout the country but it is not been encountered to any study on determination of the phenological and morphological characteristics of Kaman 5 walnut genotype. Therefore, characteristics of Kaman 5 walnut genotype were determined by observations on original tree that was located in Başköy village of Kaman district of Kırşehir in 2007 and 2015 years and on young trees of genotype found in a walnut orchard in 2015 year. Yield potential and resistance of genotype in terms of diseases and pests were evaluated by observations made during the summer of 2015. In fall period, maturation date of nuts, detailed pomological properties, oil and protein contents of genotype were determine

Preoperative anxiety on postoperative pain in craniotomy patients

Aim: This study aimed to determine preoperative anxiety and pain levels in patients who underwent craniotomy and investigate the effects on the development of postoperative acute-chronic pain. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, observational study, STAI-I (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and STAI-II were used to measure preoperative anxiety levels in a total of 104 patients who underwent craniotomy, and a visual analog score (VAS) was used to determine pain. Demographic data of the patients, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) scores, comorbidities, preoperative and postoperative VAS scores, cause of preoperative anxiety, type, and duration of operation were recorded. Results: The mean values of STAI tests showed that 31.3% of our patients had mild preoperative anxiety, 58.7% had moderate and 10% had severe preoperative anxiety. In the STAI tests we performed before the operation, the mean values were 44 ± 11.2 for STAI-I and 44.5 ± 9.4 for STAI-II. The causes of preoperative anxiety in patients were determined as surgical operation (35.6%), anesthesia applications (17.3%), insufficient information (11.5%), and the possibility of postoperative pain (3.8%). It was observed that 60.6% of our patients had pain in the preoperative period, 51.9% of patients had acute pain in postoperative the 0th minute, 69.2% in 30th minute, 54.8% in 1st hour, 44.2% in 2nd hour, 34.6% in 24th hour, 22.1% in 48th hour, and 51% of patients had chronic pain in postoperative 6th month. We found a significant relationship between STAI-I and VAS scores at the 48th hour and, between STAI-II and VAS scores at the 2nd, 24th hour, and 6th month (p0.05). Conclusion: It was observed that craniotomy patients mostly had moderate anxiety and moderate to severe pain before the operation, and moderate-severe acute and chronic pain developed after the operation. A significant correlation was found between preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain